About india Demographics

With an estimated population of 1.17 billion,[9] representing 17% of the world population,[112] India is the world's second most populous country. The last 50 years have seen a rapid increase in population due to medical advances and massive increase in agricultural productivity made by the green revolution.[113][114] Almost 70% of Indians reside in rural areas, although in recent decades migration to larger cities has led to a dramatic increase in the country's urban population. India's largest cities are Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.[53]
India is the world's most culturally, linguistically and genetically diverse geographical entity after the African continent.[53] India is home to two major linguistic families: Indo-Aryan (spoken by about 74% of the population) and Dravidian (spoken by about 24%). Other languages spoken in India come from the Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman linguistic families. Hindi, with the largest number of speakers,[115] is the official language of the union.[116] English is used extensively in business and administration and has the status of a 'subsidiary official language;'[117] it is also important in education, especially as a medium of higher education. In addition, every state and union territory has its own official languages, and the constitution also recognises in particular 21 other languages that are either abundantly spoken or have classical status. While Sanskrit and Tamil have been studied as classical languages for many years,[118] the Government of India has also accorded classical language status to Kannada and Telugu using its own criteria.[119] The number of dialects in India is as high as 1,652.[120]
Over 800 million Indians (80.5%) are Hindu. Other religious groups include Muslims (13.4%), Christians (2.3%), Sikhs (1.9%), Buddhists (0.8%), Jains (0.4%), Jews, Zoroastrians, Bahá'ís and others.[121] Tribals constitute 8.1% of the population.[122] India has the third-highest Muslim population in the world and has the highest population of Muslims for a non-Muslim majority country.
India's literacy rate is 64.8% (53.7% for females and 75.3% for males).[9] The state of Kerala has the highest literacy rate at 91% while Bihar has the lowest at 47%.[123][124] The national human sex ratio is 944 females per 1,000 males. India's median age is 24.9, and the population growth rate of 1.38% per annum; there are 22.01 births per 1,000 people per year.[9]
Cities by population
Rank
Core City
State Population Rank Core City
State
Population
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MumbaiDelhi
1
Mumbai
Maharashtra
20,922,125
11
Jaipur
Rajasthan
2,997,114
2
Delhi
Delhi
18,259,230
12
Lucknow
Uttar Pradesh
2,621,063
3
Kolkata
West Bengal
14,080,519
13
Nagpur
Maharashtra
2,359,331
4
Chennai
Tamil Nadu
8,590,267
14
Patna
Bihar
1,814,012
5
Hyderabad
Andhra Pradesh
8,025,339
15
Indore
Madhya Pradesh
1,811,513
6
Bangalore
Karnataka
7,310,318
16
Bhopal
Madhya Pradesh
1,742,375
7
Ahmedabad
Gujarat
3,913,793
17
Thane
Maharashtra
1,673,465
8
Pune
Maharashtra
3,337,481
18
Ludhiana
Punjab
1,662,325
9
Surat
Gujarat
3,233,988
19
Agra
Uttar Pradesh
1,638,209
10
Kanpur
Uttar Pradesh
3,144,267
20
Pimpri Chinchwad
Maharashtra
1,553,538
2009 estimation[125